Menguasai grammar bahasa Inggris dengan mudah dan cepat: Tenses, Present tense

Untuk melanjutkan pembahasan dari materi Grammar sebelumnya yaitu materi tenses, di artikel saya kali ini saya akan membahas lebih rinci mengenai materi tenses dari kelompok present tense. Yaitu simple present tense, present continuous tense, present perfect tense, dan present perfect continuous tense.

1. Simple Present Tense

Fungsi:

- Menyatakan suatu aktifitas yang menjadi rutinitas

Contoh: I watch TV every day

- Menunjukkan suatu fakta

Contoh: The sky is blue

Rumus Verbal:

(+)	Subject (I, You, They, We)	V-1 ( tanpa s/es)	Object	Ket. Waktu
	Subject (She, He, It)	V-1 (s/es)	Object	Ket. Waktu

(-)	Subject (I, You, They, We)	do not	V-1	Object	Ket. Waktu
	Subject (She, He, It)	does not	V-1	Object	Ket. Waktu

(?)	Do	Subject (I, You, They, We)	V-1	Object	Ket. Waktu ?
	Does	Subject (She, He, It)	V-1	Object	Ket. Waktu?

Contoh:

a. (+) They always have breakfast

(-) They do not always have breakfast

(+) Do they always have breakfast?

Yes, they do / No, they don’t

b. (+) Jimmy takes a bath every evening.

(-) Jimmy does not take a bath every evening.

(?) Does Jimmy take a bath every evening?

Yes, he does / No, he doesn’t

Rumus Nominal:

(+)	S (I)	to be (am)	Complement
	S (She, He, It)	to be (is)	Complement
	S (You, They, We)	to be (are)	Complement

(-)	S (I)	to be (am) not	Complement
	S (She, He, It)	to be (is) not	Complement
	S (You, They, We)	to be (are) not	Complement

(?)	To be (am)	S (I)	Complement ?
	To be (is)	S (She, He, It)	Complement ?
	To be (are)	S (You, They, We)	Complement ?

Contoh:

(+)Nicky is usually angry with you

(-) Nicky is not usually angry with you

(?) Is Nicky usually angry with you?

Yes, she is / No, she isn’t

Keterangan Waktu:

- Always : selalu - Ever : pernah

- Usually : biasanya - Never : tidak pernah

- Often : sering - Every day : setiap hari

- Sometimes : kadang-kadang - Once a day : sekali sehari

- Seldom : jarang - Generally : umumnya

- Twice a week : dua kali seminggu

Penambahan s/es-in Verb:

Contoh Verbs	Keterangan
Pass Passes	Huruf “es” ditambahkan pada kata kerja yang berakhiran “ss, sh, ch, x, z, o”.
Wash Washes
Watch Watches
Fix Fixes
Buzz Buzzes
Go Goes
Study Studies	Huruf “ es” ditambahkan pada kata kerja yang berkhiran dengan huruf “y” sebelumnya berupa huruf konsonan, dan huruf “y” luluh menjadi huruf “i”.
Play Plays	Huruf “s” ditambahkan pada kata kerja yang berakhiran dengan huruf “y” sebelumnya berupa huruf vokal.
Speak Speaks Drink Drinks Wait Waits	Huruf “s” pada umumnya ditambahkan pada kata kerja-kata kerja yang tidak berakhiran “ss, sh, ch, x, z, o atau y”.
Have Has	Kata “have” berubah menjadi “has”, bila diikuti subyek She, He, It.

2. Present Continuous Tense

Fungsi:

- Menyatakan suatu aktifitas yang sedang berlangsung pada saat berbicara

Contoh: He is driving his car now.

Rumus Verbal:

(+)

To be (am, is, are)

V-ing

Keterangan Waktu

(-)

To be (am, is, are) not

V-ing

Keterangan Waktu

(?)

To be (am, is, are)

V-ing

Keterangan Waktu ?

Contoh:

(+) We are going to Pare now

(-) We aren’t going to Pare now

(?) Are we going to Pare now?

Yes, we are / No, we aren’t

Rumus Nominal:

(+)

to be (am, is, are)

Complement

(-)

to be (am, is, are) not

Complement

(?)

To be (am, is, are)

Complement ?

Keterangan Waktu:

- Now - Today

- Right now - Still

- At present - At this moment

- This morning - Look!

3. Present Perfect Tense

Fungsi:

- Menyatakan aktifitas yang telah terjadi sebelum waktu sekarang ini (waktu terjadinya tidak penting)

Contoh: Ann has eaten dinner

- Menyatakan aktifitas yang telah terjadi beberapa kali (waktu terjadinya tidak penting)

Contoh: Peter has gone to the theater three times

- Menyatakan keadaan yang telah dimulai pada saat tertentu dan hingga kini masih berlangsung. Dalam hal ini, “since” dan “for” digunakan.

Contoh: Mr. Bean has lived in this city since 1998

Rumus Verbal:

(+)	S (I, You, They, We)	have	V3	Keterangan Waktu
	S (She, He, It)	has	V3	Keterangan Waktu

(-)	S (I, You, They, We)	have not	V3	Keterangan Waktu
	S (She, He, It)	has not	V3	Keterangan Waktu

(?)	Have	S (I, You, They, We)	V3	Keterangan Waktu ?
	Has	S (She, He, It)	V3	Keterangan Waktu ?

Contoh:

(+) He has played football

(-) He hasn’t played football

(?) Has he played football ?

Yes, he has / No, he hasn’t

Rumus Nominal:

(+)	S	have/has been			Complement
(-)	S	have/has not been			Complement
(?)	Have/Has		S	Been		Complement ?

Contoh:

(+) The woman has been rich

(-) The woman hasn’t been rich

(?) Has the woman been rich?

Yes, she has / No, she hasn’t

Keterangan Waktu:

- For - Just

- Since - Recently

- Already - Yet

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Fungsi:

- Menyatakan lamanya peristiwa yang terjadi dan masih berlangsung saat dibicarakan.

Contoh: My father has been working for an hour

Rumus Verbal:

(+)

have/has been

V-ing

Keterangan Waktu

(-)

have/has not been

V-ing

Keterangan Waktu

(?)

Have/Has

Been

V-ing

Keterangan Waktu ?

Contoh:

(+) The man has been writing a message since an hour ago

(-) The man hasn’t been writing a message since an hour ago

(?) Has the man been writing a message since an hour ago?

Yes, they have / No, they haven’t

Rumus Nominal:

(+)

have/has been

Complement

(-)

have/has not been

Complement

(?)

Have/Has

Been

Complement ?

Keterangan Waktu:

- Since

- For

Kunjungi materi grammar lainnya:

Menguasai grammar dengan mudah dan cepat
Pentingnya grammar dalam bahasa Inggris
Part of speech, Bahasa Inggris grammar
Tenses, materi pokok grammar bahasa Inggris
Tenses, Present Tense

Grammar tenses, Past tense

Bahasa Inggris grammar, tenses, Future tense

Materi grammar, tenses past future tense