Materi grammar merupakan materi yang sangat luas dan sangat banyak. Oleh karena itu kita harus terus belajar jika ingin menjadi master of grammar in English. Artikel ini sedikit banyaknya akan membahas tentang tenses dari golongan past tense, yaitu Simple past tense, Past continuous tense, Past perfect tense, dan past perfect continuous tense yang merupakan kelanjutan dari artikel sebelumnya yaitu Tenses, Present tense.
Berikut ini adalah beberapa tenses yang masuk dalam golongan past tense yang sudah di lengkapi dengan penjelasan, rumus dan contohnya.
Tenses yang masuk dalam golongan past tense
5. Simple Past
Fungsi:
- Menyatakan aktifitas yang terjadi pada masa lampau.
Contoh: I wrote a letter last night.
Fungsi:
- Menyatakan aktifitas yang terjadi pada masa lampau.
Contoh: I wrote a letter last night.
Rumus
Verbal:
(+)
|
S
|
V2
|
O
|
Keterangan
Waktu
|
(-)
|
S
|
Did not
|
V1
|
O
|
Keterangan Waktu
|
(?)
|
Did
|
S
|
V1
|
O
|
Keterangan
Waktu ?
|
Contoh:
(+) You listened to the music yesterday
(-) You didn’t listen to the music yesterday
(?) Did you listen to the music yesterday?
Yes, I did / No, I didn’t
Rumus
Nominal:
(+)
|
S (I, She,
He, It)
|
to be
(was)
|
Complement
|
S (You,
They, We)
|
to be
(were)
|
Complement
|
(-)
|
S (I, She,
He, It)
|
to be
(was) not
|
Complement
|
S (You,
They, We)
|
to be
(was) not
|
Complement
|
(?)
|
To be
(was)
|
S (I, She,
He, It)
|
Complement
?
|
To be
(were)
|
S (You,
They, We)
|
Complement
?
|
Contoh:
(+) Your father was kind
(-) Your father wasn’t kind
(?) Was your father kind ?
Yes, he was / No, he wasn’t
Keterangan Waktu:
- Yesterday - This morning
- Last night - Today
- Two days ago - Yesterday morning
- An hour ago
(+) Your father was kind
(-) Your father wasn’t kind
(?) Was your father kind ?
Yes, he was / No, he wasn’t
Keterangan Waktu:
- Yesterday - This morning
- Last night - Today
- Two days ago - Yesterday morning
- An hour ago
Grammar bahasa Inggris mengenai tenses
6. Past Continuous
Fungsi:
- Menyatakan aktifitas yang sedang terjadi di masa lampau (waktu yang tertentu)
Contoh: I was taking a rest at 02.05 P.M. yesterday.
Fungsi:
- Menyatakan aktifitas yang sedang terjadi di masa lampau (waktu yang tertentu)
Contoh: I was taking a rest at 02.05 P.M. yesterday.
Rumus
Verbal:
(+)
|
S
|
to be
(was, were)
|
V-ing
|
O
|
Keterangan
Waktu
|
(-)
|
S
|
to be
(was, were) not
|
V-ing
|
O
|
Keterangan
Waktu
|
(?)
|
to be
(was, were)
|
S
|
V-ing
|
O
|
Keterangan
Waktu ?
|
Contoh:
(+) Her nieces were buying T-shirts at 08.50 A.M. last week
(-) Her nieces weren’t buying T-shirts at 08.50 A.M. last week
(?) Were her nieces buying T-shirts at 08.50 A.M. last week ?
Yes, they were / No, they weren’t
(+) Her nieces were buying T-shirts at 08.50 A.M. last week
(-) Her nieces weren’t buying T-shirts at 08.50 A.M. last week
(?) Were her nieces buying T-shirts at 08.50 A.M. last week ?
Yes, they were / No, they weren’t
Rumus Nominal:
(+)
|
S (I, She,
He, It)
|
to be
(was)
|
Complement
|
S (You,
They, We)
|
to be
(were)
|
Complement
|
(-)
|
S (I, She,
He, It)
|
to be
(was) not
|
Complement
|
S (You,
They, We)
|
to be
(were) not
|
Complement
|
(?)
|
To be
(was)
|
S (I, She,
He, It)
|
Complement
?
|
To be
(were)
|
S (You,
They, We)
|
Complement
?
|
Keterangan Waktu:
- At ........... o’clock yesterday
- At .......... A.M. this morning
7. Past Perfect
Fungsi:
- Menyatakan aktifitas yang telah terjadi sebelum aktifitas lain selesai di masa lampau
Contoh: After John had called his family, he went outside
- At ........... o’clock yesterday
- At .......... A.M. this morning
7. Past Perfect
Fungsi:
- Menyatakan aktifitas yang telah terjadi sebelum aktifitas lain selesai di masa lampau
Contoh: After John had called his family, he went outside
- Menyatakan lamanya aktifitas yang telah terjadi di masa lampau dan sudah tidak berlangsung saat dibicarakan
Contoh: John had lived in New York for ten years before he moved to California
Rumus
Verbal:
(+)
|
S
|
Had
|
V3
|
O
|
Keterangan
Waktu
|
(-)
|
S
|
had not
|
V3
|
O
|
Keterangan
Waktu
|
(?)
|
Had
|
S
|
V3
|
O
|
Keterangan
Waktu ?
|
Contoh:
(+) She had cooked when I slept
(-) She hadn’t cooked when I didn’t sleep
(?) Had she cooked when you slept ?
Yes, she had / No, she hadn’t
(+) She had cooked when I slept
(-) She hadn’t cooked when I didn’t sleep
(?) Had she cooked when you slept ?
Yes, she had / No, she hadn’t
Rumus Nominal:
(+)
|
S
|
had been
|
Complement
|
(-)
|
S
|
had not been
|
Complement
|
(?)
|
Had
|
S
|
been
|
Complement ?
|
Contoh:
(+) My mother had been a nurse for 15 years in 2009
(-) My mother hadn’t been a nurse for 15 years in 20009
(?) Had my mother been a nurse for 15 years in 2009?
Yes, she had / No, she hadn’t
(+) My mother had been a nurse for 15 years in 2009
(-) My mother hadn’t been a nurse for 15 years in 20009
(?) Had my mother been a nurse for 15 years in 2009?
Yes, she had / No, she hadn’t
Keterangan Waktu:
- After
- Before
- When
Tenses grammar bahasa inggris
8. Past Perfect Continuous
Fungsi:
- Menyatakan lamanya aktifitas yang telah terjadi di masa lampau dan sudah tidak berlangsung saat dibicarakan
Contoh: John had been living in New York for ten years before he moved to California
Fungsi:
- Menyatakan lamanya aktifitas yang telah terjadi di masa lampau dan sudah tidak berlangsung saat dibicarakan
Contoh: John had been living in New York for ten years before he moved to California
Rumus
Verbal:
(+)
|
S
|
had been
|
V-ing
|
O
|
Keterangan
Waktu
|
(-)
|
S
|
had not
been
|
V-ing
|
O
|
Keterangan
Waktu
|
(?)
|
Had
|
S
|
been
|
V-ing
|
O
|
Keterangan Waktu ?
|
Contoh:
(+) She had been cooking for fifty minutes when I slept
(-) She hadn’t been cooking for fifty minutes when I didn’t sleep
(?) Had she been cooking for fifty minutes when I slept?
Yes, she had / No, she hadn’t
(+) She had been cooking for fifty minutes when I slept
(-) She hadn’t been cooking for fifty minutes when I didn’t sleep
(?) Had she been cooking for fifty minutes when I slept?
Yes, she had / No, she hadn’t
Rumus
Nominal:
(+)
|
S
|
had been
|
Complement
|
(-)
|
S
|
had not been
|
Complement
|
(?)
|
Had
|
S
|
been
|
Complement ?
|
Keterangan Waktu:
- After .......................for/since ........
- For/Since ............... when .............
- For/Since ................before ............
- After .......................for/since ........
- For/Since ............... when .............
- For/Since ................before ............
Kunjungi materi grammar lainnya:
Menguasai grammar dengan mudah dan cepat
Pentingnya grammar dalam bahasa Inggris
Part of speech, Bahasa Inggris grammar
Tenses, materi pokok grammar bahasa Inggris
Tenses, Present Tense
Menguasai grammar dengan mudah dan cepat
Pentingnya grammar dalam bahasa Inggris
Part of speech, Bahasa Inggris grammar
Tenses, materi pokok grammar bahasa Inggris
Tenses, Present Tense
